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- The Linux Danish/International HOWTO
- Niels Kristian Bech Jensen, nkbj@image.dk
- v2.0, 23 January 1998
-
- This document describes how to configure Linux and various Linux
- applications for Danish locale standards such as keyboard, font,
- paper-size etc. It is hoped that Linux users from other places in
- Western Europe will find this document useful too.
-
- 1. Introduction
-
- All European users of almost any operating system have two problems:
- The first is to tell the computer that you have a non-American
- keyboard, and the second is to get the computer to display the special
- characters. To make matters worse some applications will also consider
- you an exception if you are not an American and require special
- options or the setting of environment variables.
-
- Under Linux you change the way your computer interprets the keyboard
- with the commands loadkeys and xmodmap. loadkeys will modify the
- keyboard for plain Linux while xmodmap makes the modifications
- necessary when the handshaking between X11 and Linux is imperfect.
-
- To display the characters you need to tell your applications that you
- use the ISO-8859-1 (a.k.a. Latin-1) international set of glyphs. This
- is not always necessary, but a number of key applications need special
- attention.
-
- This HOWTO is intended to tell Danish users how to do this. If you
- continue to have problems after reading this you can try the German
- HOWTO, the Linux Keyboard and Console HOWTO or the ISO 8859-1 National
- Character Set FAQ. Many of the hints contained herein are cribbed from
- there. See section ``Other documents of relevance'' for pointers to
- these documents. You should also send me a mail describing your
- problems.
-
- A final problem is that error-messages, menus and documentation of the
- applications are mostly in English. There is a GNU project under way
- to address this problem. You can see what it is all about by
- downloading the file ABOUT-NLS or the package gettext-0.10.tar.gz (or
- any later version) from your favourite mirror of prep.ai.mit.edu. This
- project needs volunteers for the translations. Send a mail to da-
- request@li.org with the body ``subscribe'' if you want to contribute
- to the Danish part of the project. The documentation in the gettext
- package describes how to use such translations in your own programs.
-
- 2. Keyboard setup
-
- 2.1. Loading a keytable
-
- You have two tools for configuring your keyboard. Under plain Linux
- you have loadkeys and under X11 you have xmodmap.
-
- To try out loadkeys type one of these two commands:
-
- loadkeys /usr/lib/kbd/keytables/dk.map
-
- or
-
- loadkeys /usr/lib/kbd/keytables/dk-latin1.map
-
- The difference between the two keymaps is that dk-latin1.map enables
- `dead' keys while dk.map does not. Dead keys are explained in section
- ``Dead keys and accented characters''. The program loadkeys and the
- keymaps are part of the package kbd-0.??.tar.gz which (with differing
- version numbers ??) is available with all Linux distributions.
-
- Usually loadkeys is executed at boot-time from one of the scripts
- under the directory /etc/rc.d/. Details vary between distributions.
-
- (Note for non-Danish readers: Support for other languages is enabled
- in a similar manner. Use es.map for Spanish keyboards etc.)
-
- Versions of XFree86 up to and including v3.1.2 will normally follow
- the keymap used by plain Linux, but you can modify keyboard behavior
- under X11 with xmodmap. Usually the X11 initialization process will
- run this command automatically if you have a file called .Xmodmap in
- your home directory.
-
- In XFree86 v3.2 and higher you should have the following Keyboard
- section in your /etc/XF86Config file (it is made automatically by the
- program XF86Setup if you choose a Danish keytable):
-
- Section "Keyboard"
- Protocol "Standard"
- XkbRules "xfree86"
- XkbModel "pc101"
- XkbLayout "dk"
- XkbVariant "nodeadkeys"
- EndSection
-
- The only keyboard variant available at the moment is "nodeadkeys", but
- dead keys can still be made to work. See section ``Dead keys and
- accented characters'' for more information on this.
-
- 2.2. Getting the AltGr key to work under X11
-
- For versions of XFree86 up to and including v3.1.2 you should edit the
- file /etc/X11/XF86Config (or possibly /etc/XF86Config) and make sure
- the line
-
- RightAlt ModeShift
-
- appears in the Keyboard section. Usually you can do this by uncomment¡
- ing the appropriate line. In XFree86 v3.1.2 you can use AltGr as an
- alias for RightAlt.
-
- The AltGr key should work as expected in XFree86 v3.2 and higher if
- you choose Danish keyboard support.
-
- 2.2.1. Making {, [, ] and } work under Metro-X
-
- You can't input the characters ``{'' (<AltGr><7>), ``['' (<AltGr><8>),
- ``]'' (<AltGr><9>) and ``}'' (<AltGr><0>) under the Metro-X server.
- This bug has been observed under versions 3.1.5 and 3.1.8 of the
- server.
-
- To correct this bug you have to edit the file
- /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/xkb/symbols/dk and change the lines
-
- key <AE07> { [ 7, slash ] };
- key <AE08> { [ 8, parenleft ] };
- key <AE09> { [ 9, parenright ] };
- key <AE10> { [ 0, equal ] };
-
- to
-
- key <AE07> { [ 7, slash ],
- [ braceleft, NoSymbol ] };
- key <AE08> { [ 8, parenleft ],
- [ bracketleft, NoSymbol ] };
- key <AE09> { [ 9, parenright ],
- [ bracketright, NoSymbol ] };
- key <AE10> { [ 0, equal ],
- [ braceright, NoSymbol ] };
-
- 2.3. Dead keys and accented characters
-
- Dead keys are those that does not type anything until you hit another
- key. Tildes and umlauts are like this by default under plain Linux if
- you use the dk-latin1.map keymap. This is the default behaviour for
- these keys under Microsoft Windows as well.
-
- 2.3.1. Removing dead key functionality
-
- ╖ Removing dead key functionality under plain Linux and XFree86
- v3.1.2
-
- Under plain Linux type
-
- loadkeys dk.map
-
- ╖ Removing dead key functionality under XFree86 v3.2 and higher
-
- Put the following line in the Keyboard section of your
- /etc/XF86Config file:
-
- XkbVariant "nodeadkeys"
-
- 2.3.2. Invoking dead key functionality
-
- ╖ Invoking dead key functionality under plain Linux
-
- Under plain Linux type
-
- loadkeys dk-latin1.map
-
- ╖ Invoking dead key functionality under X11R6 sessions
-
- First you must make sure you are running XFree86 v3.1.2 or higher.
- Download and install everything related to the newest release if
- you have a lower version number. Neither compose nor dead keys will
- work in X11R6 applications unless these are compiled with support
- for accented (8-bit) character input. A useful example of such an
- application is GNU emacs version 19.30 (or higher.)
-
- Some X11 applications still does not support this input method.
- Eventually this situation might improve, but until that happens you
- can either hack your applications or submit polite bug reports to
- the program authors. The latter approach is often the most
- efficient. See section ``Programming tips for X11'' for some advice
- on what needs to be done.
-
- Next you will have to map a key to Multi_key (Compose.) The Scroll
- Lock key is most likely already mapped as such if you use XFree86
- v3.1.2 (you can verify this with the program xev,) and it is easy
- to map the right Control key by uncommenting the appropriate line
- in the Keyboard section of the XFree86 configuration file (often
- /etc/XF86Config.) If you wish to use some other key, or if you are
- using XFree86 v3.2 or higher and want to change the default, you
- should put something like
-
- keycode 78 = Multi_key
-
- in your ~/.Xmodmap file. The statement in the example defines Scroll
- Lock as the Compose key. The default Compose key in XFree86 v3.2 and
- higher is <Shift><AltGr>.
-
- XFree86 v3.2 and higher comes without support for the dead keys on the
- standard Danish keyboard. To get this support you have to change a few
- lines in the xkb_symbols "basic" section of the file
- /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/xkb/symbols/dk. The lines
-
- key <AE12> { [ acute, grave ],
- [ bar, dead_ogonek ] };
- key <AD12> { [ diaeresis, asciicircum ],
- [ asciitilde, dead_macron ] };
-
- should be changed to
-
- key <AE12> { [ dead_acute, dead_grave ],
- [ bar, dead_ogonek ] };
- key <AD12> { [ dead_diaeresis, dead_circumflex ],
- [ dead_tilde, dead_macron ] };
-
- After these changes you can get support for dead keys by removing the
- line
-
- XkbVariant "nodeadkeys"
-
- from the Keyboard section of your /etc/XF86Config file.
-
- (Note for non-Danish readers: There are files for many local keyboard
- maps in /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/xkb/symbols.)
-
- The available keystroke combinations are compiled in
- /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/locale/iso8859-1/Compose. There are some bugs in
- that file you will want to fix:
-
- 1. The line reading
-
- <dead_tilde> <space> : "~" tilde
-
- should be changed to
-
- <dead_tilde> <space> : "~" asciitilde
-
- 2. In several places asciicircum is misspelled as asciicirum
-
- Finally make sure your shells and/or applications is set up for
- ISO-8859-1 compatibility as described in section ``International char¡
- acter sets in specific applications'' and you should be all set.
-
- 2.4. Making $ (the dollar sign), ° (oslash) and ╪ (Oslash) work
-
- 2.4.1. $ (the dollar sign)
-
- There is a bug in the Danish keymaps causing the dollar sign to be
- accessed with <Shift><4> instead of <AltGr><4> by default. If this is
- a problem for you, determine what keymap you load at boot-time. You
- can find it by looking around in the directory /etc/rc.d/ or simply by
- paying attention to what happens at boot-time. On my computer the
- relevant keymap is called /usr/lib/kbd/keytables/dk-latin1.map. You
- can fix the problem by changing the line
-
- keycode 5 = four dollar dollar
-
- in the keymap file to
-
- keycode 5 = four currency dollar
-
- and then loading the keytable as described in section ``Loading a
- keytable''. Currency (dansk: ``soltegn'') is the default <Shift><4>
- character on a Danish keyboard.
-
- This should fix the problem for both X11 and plain Linux.
-
- 2.4.2. ° (oslash) and ╪ (Oslash)
-
- In some older distributions ``°'' and ``╪'' appear as cent and yen.
- Find the line for keycode 40 in the keymap file and change it from
-
- keycode 40 = cent yen
-
- to
-
- keycode 40 = +oslash +Ooblique
-
- Note: This bug appears to have been fixed in kbd-0.88.tar.gz and newer
- versions.
-
- The plus signs are necessary to get Caps Lock working properly.
- ``Oslash'' can be used as an alias for ``Ooblique'' in kbd-0.90.tar.gz
- and newer versions.
-
- 3. Display and application setup
-
- Most applications need to be compiled as ``8-bit-clean'' to work well
- with European characters. Some need a few extra hints to get it right.
-
- 3.1. Loading the Latin-1 character set on the console
-
- Execute the following commands under the bash shell:
-
- setfont lat1-16.psf
- mapscrn trivial
- echo -ne '\033(K'
-
- You could also choose to load the font as unicode to ensure that lines
- are displayed correctly in programs such as mc and workbone. Execute
- the following commands to do that:
-
- setfont lat1-16.psf
- loadunimap lat1.uni
- echo -ne '\033(K'
-
- If you use Linux kernels v1.3.1 or higher, you do not need the echo
- command when you load the font as unicode.
-
- Note: This only has effect under plain Linux.
-
- 3.2. Characters you can display under Linux
-
- Type dumpkeys -l | less at the prompt to find out which characters
- that are readily available. You can map them to your keyboard via the
- keymap files mentioned in section ``Loading a keytable''.
-
- 3.3. International character sets in specific applications
-
- A number of applications demand special attention. This section
- describes how to set up configuration files for them.
-
- bash:
- Put the following in your ~/.inputrc file:
-
- set meta-flag on
- set convert-meta off
- set output-meta on
-
- elm:
- Put the following definitions in your ~/.elm/elmrc file:
-
- charset = iso-8859-1
- displaycharset = iso-8859-1
- textencoding = 8bit
-
- This may not work on some versions of elm.
-
- emacs:
- Put the following in your ~/.emacs or the the system-wide
- initialization file (probably /usr/lib/emacs/site-
- lisp/default.el or /usr/share/emacs/site-lisp/default.el):
-
- (standard-display-european t)
- (require 'iso-syntax)
- (set-input-mode (car (current-input-mode))
- (nth 1 (current-input-mode))
- 0)
-
- You can leave out the first two of the lines above if you have
- installed locale support, and your LC_CTYPE environment variable
- includes one of the strings 8859-1 or 88591. See section ``Locale
- support in libc 5.4.x'' for some information on locales.
-
- Dead keys should work under GNU emacs provided you use GNU emacs
- v19.30 or higher and XFree86 v3.1.2 or higher (it works for me
- anyway,) so do not start researching available elisp packages
- implementing ``electric keys'' or anything like that. If you want
- to implement European keyboard conventions in emacs without
- upgrading, the best choice is probably the remap package available
- from the SunSite DK server (see section ``FTP and Web sites''.)
- There are also two packages called iso-acc.elc and iso-trans.elc
- included with emacs that has similar functionality, but they are
- not nearly as powerful.
-
- groff:
- Issue the command as
-
- groff -Tlatin1 <your_groff_input_file>
-
- Remember to change this in /etc/man.config to get latin1 characters
- working in man (don't remove the -mandoc switch.)
-
- ispell --- Spell checking in Danish:
- First make sure that you install version 3.1 instead of version
- 4.0 of ispell. The latter is obsolete and multiple brain-
- damaged. You can download the sources for ispell at the GNU
- archive at prep.ai.mit.edu, and you can get a Danish dictionary
- via FTP from Aalborg University Center
- <ftp://ftp.iesd.auc.dk/pub/packages/dkispell/>. Follow the
- compilation instructions and you should have no trouble (One
- caveat: When defining the variables necessary for compilation
- you must tell ispell that Linux is a SysV type OS by defining
- the variable USG.)
-
- When you have installed the Danish dictionary for ispell you can
- check the spelling of a Danish language file by executing the
- command:
-
- ispell -d danish -T latin1 -w "µ°σ╞╪┼" <your_danish_text_file>
-
- (Note for non-Danish readers: You can find dictionaries for most
- Western languages by reading the file Where included with the
- sources for ispell.)
-
- joe:
- Issue the command as
-
- joe -asis
-
- or put the following in your ~/.joerc file:
-
- -asis
-
- The hyphen character must be in the first column.
-
- kermit:
- This is as close as I can get, but not completely satisfying
- yet. Put the following in your ~/.kermrc file:
-
- set terminal bytesize 8
- set command bytesize 8
- set file bytesize 8
- set language danish
- set file character-set latin1-iso
- set transfer character-set latin1-iso
- set terminal character-set latin1-iso
-
- I think there are more variables to set, but they are hiding. You
- would have to modify these settings if the remote system is DOS or
- OS/2 based.
-
- less:
- Set the following environment variable:
-
- LESSCHARSET=latin1
-
- ls:
- Issue the command as
-
- ls -N
-
- or possibly
-
- ls --8bit
-
- lynx:
- Put the following definition in your ~/.lynxrc file:
-
- character_set=ISO Latin 1
-
- This can also be set via the Options menu in lynx. Type `o' and set
- the relevant option.
-
- man:
- See entry for groff in this section.
-
- metamail:
- Set the following environment variable:
-
- MM_CHARSET=ISO-8859-1
-
- nn:
- Put the following in your ~/.nn/init file:
-
- set data-bits 8
-
- pine:
- Put the following definition in your ~/.pinerc file:
-
- character-set=ISO-8859-1
-
- This can also be set via the Setup, Config menu option in pine.
-
- rlogin:
- Issue the command as
-
- rlogin -8 foo.bar.dk
-
- tcsh:
- Put the following in your /etc/csh.login or ~/.tcshrc file:
-
- setenv LANG C
-
- Actually you just have to define one of the environment variables
- LANG or LC_CTYPE. The value does not matter. Read the tcsh man page
- for more information.
-
- telnet:
- Put one line of the following type in your ~/.telnetrc file for
- each host you want to log on to using telnet:
-
- <hostname> set outbinary true
-
- Example:
-
- localhost set outbinary true
- foo.bar.dk set outbinary true
-
- TeX/LaTeX:
- There are several problems with TeX/LaTeX: You want LaTeX to
- understand the special characters and you do not want LaTeX to
- put in English words like ``Chapter'' at the beginning of every
- chapter or use English typesetting conventions.
-
- Under LaTeX2e the header of your input file should look
- something like this:
-
- \documentclass[a4paper]{article}
-
- \usepackage[latin1]{inputenc}
- \usepackage{t1enc}
- \usepackage[danish]{babel}
-
- The first usepackage statement ensures that LaTeX will interpret
- European characters correctly, so you do not have to use escape
- codes for European characters. The second is not strictly
- necessary; but it is recommended to include it to use the DC fonts
- (which of course must be installed.) The DC fonts should soon be
- replaced by the newer EC fonts. These two packages are most likely
- included in your LaTeX distribution. The last usepackage statement
- defines a range of standards for typesetting Danish texts.
-
- If you use the Debian distribution (or older Slackware) you will
- have to install Danish hyphenation tables yourself (dansk:
- ``hyphenation''=``orddeling''.) These are available from Aalborg
- University Center <ftp://ftp.iesd.auc.dk/pub/packages/>. The files
- you need are dkhyphen.tex, dkcommon.tex and dkspecial.tex. If you
- use the teTeX distribution (distributed with e.g. Red Hat and
- S.u.S.E.) you already have the relevant files. Essentially you
- need to put these into the directory containing international
- hyphenation tables, edit the appropriate language dependency file
- (usually called language.dat) and finally rebuild LaTeX with
- initex. Before you do anything, please make sure you know what
- files you are changing and back them up in advance.
-
- If you use NTeX (distributed with the Slackware distribution) you
- will have a configuration script called ntm-ltx.cfg located in
- /usr/lib/texmf/tools/. In that case put the hyphenation tables in
- the the relevant directory (most likely called
- /usr/lib/texmf/tex/hyphenation/) and run the script. It will guide
- you through the various steps described below. If you use teTeX
- there is a somewhat more advanced program called texconfig to help
- you.
-
- Below is a description for enabling Danish hyphenation by hand. If
- it looks vague it is because TeX/LaTeX installations differ very
- much in their choice of path-names.
-
- 1. Find out where you have the hyphenation tables. Under NTeX
- they are in /usr/lib/texmf/tex/hyphenation/, under teTeX in
- /usr/lib/texmf/texmf/tex/generic/hyphen/. Try issuing the
- command find /usr/lib/ -iname '*hyph*' -print if you cannot
- find the directory.
-
- 2. Check if the hyphenation tables are already there. If not put
- the hyphenation tables mentioned above in this directory.
-
- 3. Edit the file (probably) called language.dat. In the teTeX
- distribution you can just uncomment the appropriate line.
- Otherwise insert a line reading
-
- danish dkhyphen.tex
-
- If you have difficulty finding language.dat try issuing the com¡
- mand find /usr/lib/ -name language.dat -print
-
- 4. Find and back up the file latex.fmt. It could be in a variety
- of places. Use find /usr/lib/ -name latex.fmt -print to find
- it.
-
- 5. Go to the directory where you found latex.fmt. Issue the
- command initex latex.ltx. Pray. If everything went well you
- now have a new version of latex.fmt.
-
- 6. You can now use
-
- \usepackage[danish]{babel}
-
- in your LaTeX headers. Hyphenation should be reasonably correct,
- quotation marks follow Danish conventions, chapters are now
- called ``Kapitel'' instead of ``Chapter'' etc.
-
- All new Linux distributions now includes LaTeX2e.
-
- (Note for non-Danish readers: The process is similar for other
- Western European languages, and the necessary files are normally
- included in the Linux distributions.)
-
- In LaTeX 2.09, use
-
- \documentstyle[a4,isolatin]{article}
-
- to include support for ISO-8859-1 characters and European paper
- sizes.
-
- isolatin.sty is available from all DANTE servers (see section ``FTP
- and Web sites'') and from Michael Gschwind's FTP site
- <ftp://ftp.vlsivie.tuwien.ac.at/pub/8bit>. It should also be
- included in the standard Linux distributions.
-
- Note: Some people prefer using emacs in a special mode which
- translates ``special'' letters into TeX escape codes, but this
- method should be obsolete by now.
-
- tin:
- Put the following definitions in your ~/.tin/headers file:
-
- Mime-Version: 1.0
- Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1
- Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
-
- Now you can post messages with the proper Danish characters in the
- message body.
-
- 4. Miscellaneous problems
-
- 4.1. Time zone
-
- Denmark is placed in the Central European Time zone (CET or MET,)
- which (in the winter) is equivalent to Greenwich Mean Time plus 1
- (GMT+1.) You set the time zone on a Linux system by making a symbolic
- link between /usr/lib/zoneinfo/localtime and the file in
- /usr/lib/zoneinfo/ with a name corresponding to your zone or country.
- Danes will want to execute one of the commands
-
- ln -sf /usr/lib/zoneinfo/MET /etc/localtime
-
- or
-
- ln -sf /usr/lib/zoneinfo/Europe/Copenhagen /etc/localtime
-
- This automatically sets Daylight Saving Time (GMT+2) in the summer.
-
- You synchronize the system time with the CMOS clock by issuing the
- command clock as root. If your CMOS clock is set to GMT (a.k.a. UTC
- --- the standard on proper Unix systems) use
-
- clock -u -s
-
- or if your CMOS clock is set to local time use
-
- clock -s
-
- 4.2. A4 papersize
-
- ╖ dvips: Edit the file /usr/lib/texmf/dvips/config.ps or ~/.dvips.
-
- ╖ ghostscript: Add the command line option -sPAPERSIZE=a4.
-
- ╖ ghostview: Define the following Xresource:
-
- Ghostview.pageMedia: A4
-
- ╖ TeX/LaTeX: See the entry for TeX/LaTeX in section ``International
- character sets in specific applications''.
-
- ╖ xdvi: Define the Xresource
-
- XDvi.paper: a4
-
- 4.3. Text file formats for other platforms
-
- You can translate files between an ISO-8859-1 formatted text file and
- e.g. a DOS text file using codepage 850 with the recode package. A DOS
- file called foo.txt would be translated into a proper Unix file with
- the command
-
- recode cp850:latin1 foo.txt
-
- Recode is available as recode-3.4.tar.gz from all mirrors of
- prep.ai.mit.edu.
-
- 5. Locale support in libc 5.4.x and higher
-
- The locale support has been updated in libc 5.4.x. You can avoid many
- of the individual programs setups described in section ``International
- character sets in specific applications'' if the programs on your
- system is prepared for locale support. The Debian distribution comes
- with this support if you install the wg15-locale package. Read the
- Locales mini-HOWTO if you want to set up locale support on a non-
- Debian system with libc 5.4.x. Systems with GNU libc 2 (libc 6.x) also
- support locales.
-
- To enable support for the Danish locale on a system with locale
- support you just have to set one of the following environment
- variables:
-
- LANG=da_DK
-
- or
- LC_ALL=da_DK
-
- Try da_DK.ISO_8859-1 if da_DK does not work.
-
- Both environment variables set all the individual locale catgories.
- You can also set a single locale category by using the name of the
- category as an environment variable. The locale catogories are:
-
- Locale category Application
- --------------- -----------
- LC_COLLATE Collation of strings (sort order.)
- LC_CTYPE Classification and conversion of characters.
- LC_MESSAGES Translations of yes and no.
- LC_MONETARY Format of monetary values.
- LC_NUMERIC Format of non-monetary numeric values.
- LC_TIME Date and time formats.
- LC_ALL Sets all of the above (overrides all of them.)
- LANG Sets all the categories, but can be overridden
- by the individual locale categories.
-
- A few programs such as bash and GNU emacs still need specific setup as
- described in section ``International character sets in specific
- applications'', but most should work without further attention.
- Programs such as nvi which did not work with 8 bit characters before
- should work now.
-
- Locale support should be more common as distributions based on the new
- GNU libc 2 become available. Beware that although Red Hat Linux 5.0
- comes with GNU libc 2, the locale support is not working. You have to
- run this script to make it work (ignore the warnings):
-
- #!/bin/sh
-
- localedef -c -i en_DK -f ISO-8859-1 en_DK
- localedef -c -i sv_SE -f ISO-8859-1 sv_SE
- localedef -c -i fi_FI -f ISO-8859-1 fi_FI
- localedef -c -i sv_FI -f ISO-8859-1 sv_FI
- localedef -c -i ro_RO -f ISO-8859-1 ro_RO
- localedef -c -i pt_PT -f ISO-8859-1 pt_PT
- localedef -c -i no_NO -f ISO-8859-1 no_NO
- localedef -c -i nl_NL -f ISO-8859-1 nl_NL
- localedef -c -i fr_BE -f ISO-8859-1 fr_BE
- localedef -c -i nl_BE -f ISO-8859-1 nl_BE
- localedef -c -i da_DK -f ISO-8859-1 da_DK
- localedef -c -i kl_GL -f ISO-8859-1 kl_GL
- localedef -c -i it_IT -f ISO-8859-1 it_IT
- localedef -c -i is_IS -f ISO-8859-1 is_IS
- localedef -c -i fr_LU -f ISO-8859-1 fr_LU
- localedef -c -i fr_FR -f ISO-8859-1 fr_FR
- localedef -c -i de_DE -f ISO-8859-1 de_DE
- localedef -c -i de_CH -f ISO-8859-1 de_CH
- localedef -c -i fr_CH -f ISO-8859-1 fr_CH
- localedef -c -i en_CA -f ISO-8859-1 en_CA
- localedef -c -i fr_CA -f ISO-8859-1 fr_CA
- localedef -c -i fo_FO -f ISO-8859-1 fo_FO
- localedef -c -i et_EE -f ISO-8859-1 et_EE
- localedef -c -i es_ES -f ISO-8859-1 es_ES
- localedef -c -i en_US -f ISO-8859-1 en_US
- localedef -c -i en_GB -f ISO-8859-1 en_GB
- localedef -c -i en_IE -f ISO-8859-1 en_IE
- localedef -c -i de_LU -f ISO-8859-1 de_LU
- localedef -c -i de_BE -f ISO-8859-1 de_BE
- localedef -c -i de_AT -f ISO-8859-1 de_AT
- localedef -c -i sl_SI -f ISO-8859-2 sl_SI
- localedef -c -i ru_RU -f ISO-8859-5 ru_RU
- localedef -c -i pl_PL -f ISO-8859-2 pl_PL
- localedef -c -i lv_LV -f BALTIC lv_LV
- localedef -c -i lt_LT -f BALTIC lt_LT
- localedef -c -i iw_IL -f ISO-8859-8 iw_IL
- localedef -c -i hu_HU -f ISO-8859-2 hu_HU
- localedef -c -i hr_HR -f ISO-8859-4 hr_HR
- localedef -c -i gr_GR -f ISO-8859-7 gr_GR
-
- 6. Programming tips for X11
-
- Displaying 8-bit charaters is easy. You can use them just as you would
- use 7-bit ASCII. Getting applications to accept input of special
- characters is an entirely different matter.
-
- If you are using e.g. the Xt toolkit and a widget set like Motif you
- need only add one line to your program. As your first call to Xt use
- XtSetLanguageProc. Like this:
-
- int main (int argc, char** argv)
- {
- ...
- XtSetLanguageProc (NULL, NULL, NULL);
- top = XtAppInitialize ( ... );
- ...
- }
-
- Now your program will automagically look up the LC_CTYPE variable and
- interpret dead keys etc. according to the Compose tables in
- /usr/lib/X11/locale/. This should work for all Western European key¡
- board layouts and is entirely portable. As XFree86 multilanguage sup¡
- port gets better your program will also be useful in Eastern Europe
- and the Middle East.
-
- This method of input is supported by Xt, Xlib and Motif v1.2 (and
- higher.) According to the information I have available it is only
- partially supported by Xaw. If you have further information on this
- subject I would like to hear from you.
-
- This section was adapted from a more extensive discussion in Michael
- Gschwind's Programming for Internationalization. See section ``Other
- documents of relevance'' for a pointer to that document.
-
- 7. Getting X11 applications to speak Danish
-
- To get Danish texts on menus, buttons, etc. in a well behaved X11
- application, you just have to translate the resource strings defining
- the texts. Jacob Nordfalk has done such translations for a lot of
- applications including Netscape and Ghostview. The translations and a
- description of how to install them can be found on his homepage
- <http://alf.nbi.dk/~nordfalk/ovs/>.
-
- 8. References and FTP sites
-
- 8.1. Other documents of relevance
-
- The HOWTOs ought to be available from all mirrors of sunsite.unc.edu
- and tsx-11.mit.edu. A Danish mirror at the Web is SunSite DK
- <http://sunsite.auc.dk/ldp/HOWTO/>.
-
- The German HOWTO (in German) by Winfried Trⁿmper. A lot of other
- national HOWTOs such as Finnish, Spanish and Polish are also available
- in the native languages.
-
- The Linux Keyboard and Console HOWTO by Andries Brouwer.
-
- The Locales mini-HOWTO by Peeter Joot.
-
- The ISO 8859-1 National Character Set FAQ and Programming for
- Internationalization (plus much more) by Michael Gschwind is available
- from his homepage <http://www.vlsivie.tuwien.ac.at/mike/i18n.html>.
-
- 8.2. FTP and Web sites
-
- The Linux Danish/International HOWTO has its own homepage
- <http://www.image.dk/~nkbj/>, which always has the latest version on-
- line. It also has other informations for Danish users of Linux.
-
- This FTP site at Aalborg University Center (AUC)
- <ftp://ftp.iesd.auc.dk/pub/packages/> has Danish hyphenation tables,
- dictionary for ispell etc. AUC is also the home of SunSite DK
- <ftp://sunsite.auc.dk/pub/os/linux/> which has the Debian and Red Hat
- distributions, the latest kernels, the Linux Documentation Project
- <http://sunsite.auc.dk/ldp/>, mirrors of sunsite.unc.edu
- <ftp://sunsite.auc.dk/pub/os/linux/sunsite/> and the GNU archives
- <ftp://sunsite.auc.dk/pub/gnu/>, and the remap package for emacs
- <ftp://sunsite.auc.dk/packages/auctex/>.
-
- SunSite <ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/> and mirrors. doc/howto has
- the above mentioned HOWTOs. utils/nls and subdirectories contain files
- related to National Language Support. Developers should take a look
- at locale-tutorial-0.8.txt.gz, locale-pack-0.8.tar.gz and cat-
- pack.tar.gz.
-
- The GNU archives <ftp://prep.ai.mit.edu/pub/gnu/> has the recode
- package for character table conversion, the ABOUT-NLS file and the
- gettext package for message translation of some GNU applications and
- (of course) the latest versions of GNU emacs.
-
- The DANTE FTP site <ftp://ftp.dante.de/> has everything needed for TeX
- and LaTeX support.
-
- 9. Post-amble: Acknowledgments and Copyright
-
- Thanks to Peter Dalgaard, Anders Majland, Jon Haugsand, Jacob
- Nordfalk, the authors of the German HOWTO, Michael Gschwind and
- numerous others for suggestions and help with several questions. And a
- big thanks to the people at Aalborg University Center for writing and
- making available several of the packages described in this document. A
- special Thank You to Thomas Petersen; the original author of this
- document.
-
- 9.1. Disclaimer
-
- Although the information given in this document is believed to be
- correct, the author will accept no liability for the content of this
- document. Use the tips and examples given herein at your own risk.
-
- 9.2. Copyright
-
- Copyright (c) 1996 by Thomas Petersen. Copyright (c) 1997, 1998 by
- Niels Kristian Bech Jensen. This document may be distributed only
- subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the LDP license
- <http://sunsite.unc.edu/LDP/LICENSE.html>.
-
-